English-medium instruction in higher education and the changing roles and responsibilities of English language teachers
Assist. Prof. Dr. Aylin Ünaldı
The beginning of the 21st century has witnessed multidimensional changes and challenges making international economy increasingly complex and individual nations increasingly powerless, undermining democracies and creating existential ecological threats (Jacobs, Kiniger-Passigli & Chikvaidze, 2019). Optimism regarding the destiny of humanity has diminished despite impressive advancements in science and technology. Resurgence of neoliberalism has threatened hard-earned achievements of social democracy instigating populism, corruption and despotism. Expansion of market ideology has resulted in accelerated privatisation of public services and the sale of public assets, increased competition for resources and erosion of rights and entitlements of citizens (Lawson, 2018). In line with the above stated universal dynamics, higher education has been substantially transformed through neoliberal commodification and marketisation processes since 1990s (Choi, 2010). More than being valued as public service to meet the needs of the society, higher education is prized more for its exchange value, students perceived as customers, academics as employees who need to compete in research publication, performance and customer satisfaction (Mahony and Weiner, 2017).
As higher education takes on more commercial nature, existing in international markets to generate income from overseas students becomes an important target for universities (Jiang, 2010). The dynamo of internationalised higher education is the capacity of supplying education in English language, English-medium instruction, to meet the demands of the competitive global market. The spread of English-medium instruction in higher education, both at international and national levels, has created new challenges and responsibilities for English language professionals, giving them more central role and increasing their accountability in the success or failure of the system.
In this talk, I would like to present my observations through the years of working in the field of English language teaching at higher education institutions by situating schools of foreign languages, i.e. preparatory English programmes, in a broader social and political context and discussing the tensions between expectations of the wider university and the realities of language teaching and learning. I would also like to propose that in training students ‘towards higher education’, preparatory schools can use a niche to ‘prepare’ the students for the changes and challenges of the neoliberal 21st century.